Endodontics is a treatment that consists of healing a severely infected tooth. The treatment consists of five phases that begins with an X-ray and diagnosis of the patient’s condition, and ends once the tooth is restored. These are the 5 phases of a root canal:
1. Radiography and diagnosis: The first step of a root canal is to perform an x-ray that will help assess possible involvement of the pulp or nerve of the tooth. This x-ray allows the dentist to make a diagnosis, who will decide what treatment is appropriate.
2. Local anesthesia: The endodontic process begins with the application of local anesthesia to numb the area. Additionally, a rubber dam is placed around the tooth to prevent saliva or blood from entering while the root canal is performed.
3. Pulp extraction: To access the nerve and pulp chamber, the tooth is drilled. Pulp, bacteria, and decomposed nerve tissue are removed from the tooth. The sides of the root canals are then scaled and filed. Once done, the remains are removed with chlorhexidine or sodium hypochlorite.
4. Root sealing: With the tooth completely clean and disinfected, the canals are sealed. A special sealing paste and gutta-percha, a rubber compound, are placed in the root canal of the tooth.
5. Tooth restoration: Usually, teeth that need a root canal also have a fracture or extensive decay. It is often necessary to place a crown, post, or other restoration to protect the tooth and restore it completely. Both for its chewing functions and aesthetically.